Skip to main content

FM
Former Member

Greenidge renounces UK citizenship

By Staff Editor On  In Guyana News |

https://www.stabroeknews.com/2...nces-uk-citizenship/

Carl Greenidge

Former APNU+AFC Foreign Minister Carl Greenidge today announced that he has renounced his British citizenship and hopes to be on the list of his group’s candidates for the next general elections.

Greenidge had to relinquish his post as foreign minister after the courts here ruled that dual citizens could not be MPs.

A statement issued by Greenidge today follows:

Renunciation of British Citizenship

In keeping with the undertaking I gave to the Press earlier this week I am in a position today to announce that I have received from the relevant British authorities, confirmation that my application to renounce my British citizenship has been accepted. I have informed President Granger accordingly and therefore look forward to being included on the list of candidates from which the Party will make its selection of MPs following the holding of the Regional and General Elections in 2020.

 UK citizenship and residence enabled me to take advantage, largely free of cost to my parents, of wide-ranging educational opportunities which I would not have been in a position to access or finance had I remained in Guyana. I was subsequently able to gain invaluable employment and vocational experience in the employ of UK Government agencies before returning to Guyana to serve. I am grateful to have had that privilege and through it to have attained the goals to which my relatives and many Guyanese aspire.

 In Guyana I have served at the highest levels professionally, at the University and in the Public Sector as Chief Planning Officer and Secretary to the State Planning Board, for example, before being invited to enter Parliament. Having given up a promising academic career for politics, my record as a Minister and as a successful negotiator in particular for Guyana and developing states, is rivalled by very few other Guyanese. I stand ready to continue that contribution. 

In the wake of the successful passage of the No-Confidence Motion of 2018, the question of fitness for public office, has gained prominence in the public debate. The two main political parties had sought by an amendment to our Constitution a provision which the Courts found inadequate if the intention was to prevent crossing of the floor by an M.P. As observed by the learned members of the CCJ, the Westminster Constitution from which ours is derived permits M.Ps to cast a vote against the Party via which they gained membership of the National Assembly. They put great store by that fact. Whilst we must accept their interpretation of the legislation, an M.P, who having declared his opposition to a motion immediately before it is debated, nonetheless proceeds to vote in favour of it, is someone without integrity. Lack of integrity is not an affliction restricted to dual citizens.

It is obvious therefore that this is still a hazard waiting to happen again. People betray commitments and principle for reasons other than nationality and in the case at hand the M.P neither acted as he did nor got away with this act because he was a Canadian. Some people betray their colleagues or countries for love and even more do so for love of money! Of course, Shakespeare would remind us of ambition.

The threat will remain as long as there are anomalies in the Constitution. The CCJ members as well as learned Counsels highlighted some including, more stringent citizenship requirements for an M.P than for a Chief Justice or President and most importantly that the provision collides with fundamental rights provisions. Nevertheless, the public’s attention has been diverted to nationality (without reference to the significance of its various forms) rather than to remedying these anomalies or to the equally critical issue of ensuring the integrity of members of the House.

As I look to the future I trust that we will be able, with the assistance of the new Parliament, to focus on some of these fundamental challenges facing the nation rather than on simplistic panaceas.

Foreign Secretary Carl B. Greenidge

Replies sorted oldest to newest

Prashad posted:

That is nuts. A man gives up a UK passport for a Guyana passport. Prashad not giving up nothing.

These people lie all the time. Chances are he has not given up anything. This is what he said earlier in the week. How did he get from where he was earlier in the week (posted below) to this?

"In keeping with the undertaking I gave to the Press earlier this week I am in a position today to announce that I have received from the relevant British authorities, confirmation that my application to renounce my British citizenship has been accepted."

This has to be some really quick work by those "relevant British authorities"

 

Greenidge yet to renounce British citizenship

Carl Greenidge
Carl Greenidge

Foreign Secretary Carl Greenidge yesterday said that he will announce whether he will relinquish his British citizenship before the launch of the People’s National Congress’s (PNC) first campaign rally, which is set for Saturday.

β€œI will give you an answer on that in the next 48 hours,” said Greenidge, who was forced to resign as Minister of Foreign Affairs in April as a result of court rulings that confirmed that persons holding dual citizenship are ineligible to serve as Members of Parliament (MP). At the time, the government had announced that Greenidge was among those then government ministers who indicated that they would renounce their foreign citizenship.

Greenidge was asked about the status of the matter at a Ministry of Foreign Affairs press conference yesterday. He also said that he could not say if he will be on the APNU+AFC’s coalition’s list of candidates for the upcoming general elections and when he answers β€œthe question of citizenship, I will answer the question.”

FM
Prashad posted:

People should not be forced to give up their dual citizenship. 

People still need to follow the current constitution. If they think it needs revision, they should work towards doing so. Dual citizenship is currently a no no for MPs in Guyana. That said, I don’t think Greenidge officially renounced his British citizenship. These fools have never been honest or decent so it is reasonable to suggest that they aren’t now.

FM
ksazma posted:
Prashad posted:

People should not be forced to give up their dual citizenship. 

People still need to follow the current constitution. If they think it needs revision, they should work towards doing so. Dual citizenship is currently a no no for MPs in Guyana. That said, I don’t think Greenidge officially renounced his British citizenship. These fools have never been honest or decent so it is reasonable to suggest that they aren’t now.

Why would anyone over 70 years old give up citizenship to a country that has quality National Healthcare and a generous old age pension to hang around in Guyana?

Bibi Haniffa
Bibi Haniffa posted:
ksazma posted:
Prashad posted:

People should not be forced to give up their dual citizenship. 

People still need to follow the current constitution. If they think it needs revision, they should work towards doing so. Dual citizenship is currently a no no for MPs in Guyana. That said, I don’t think Greenidge officially renounced his British citizenship. These fools have never been honest or decent so it is reasonable to suggest that they aren’t now.

Why would anyone over 70 years old give up citizenship to a country that has quality National Healthcare and a generous old age pension to hang around in Guyana?

Because he knows that he can easily get away with lying to his gullible and tribal followers. Look how the fool is pleading with him that his country needs him. A man that failed miserably as Finance Minister. I strongly doubt he officially renounced his British citizenship. These PNC people are known for their dishonesty.

FM
Bibi Haniffa posted:
ksazma posted:
Prashad posted:

People should not be forced to give up their dual citizenship. 

People still need to follow the current constitution. If they think it needs revision, they should work towards doing so. Dual citizenship is currently a no no for MPs in Guyana. That said, I don’t think Greenidge officially renounced his British citizenship. These fools have never been honest or decent so it is reasonable to suggest that they aren’t now.

Why would anyone over 70 years old give up citizenship to a country that has quality National Healthcare and a generous old age pension to hang around in Guyana?

He maybe planning to use Cuba or North Korea for his health care.

Prashad

CARL BARRINGTON GREENIDGE - CURRICULUM VITAE

https://www.facebook.com/notes...tae/337372199677319/

http://parliament.gov.gy/new2/...arian/carl-greenidge

Mr. Carl Barrington Greenidge is a former Minister of Finance, Planning and Trade of Guyana. He has extensive experience at the policy, management and technical levels and has worked on public sector economics and agricultural policy as well as international trade and finance. He has provided distinguished service to his country, the Caribbean and the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Group of States. That service has been in the design and management of Guyana’s Economic Recovery Programme (1988-1992) and the negotiation of the unique north-south cooperation compact, the LomΓ© Convention, inter alia. This latter pact aimed to alleviate the burden of poverty in the ACP regions which include the most trade dependent countries in the world and countries for which agriculture is dominant. He has successfully headed two joint ACP-EU funded institutions devoted to development cooperation and has, in the process, sat on both β€˜sides’ of the Donor-Recipient interface. Mr. Greenidge has also published four monographs, numerous academic articles on economics and contributed to books on a variety of issues, including the political economy of agricultural modernisation, international agricultural trade negotiations and marine fisheries. He has been Co-President of the Joint Council of Ministers of the European Union and the ACP States.

NATIONALITY:           Guyanese

GENDER:          Male

DEGREES/EDUCATION:

  • Birkbeck College and the London School of Economics (LSE), University of London, U.K, 1982-1983. Subject. small states, economic planning and trade 
  • M.Phil. Econs. (Ag. Econs.), Imperial College at Wye, University of London, U.K,  1972-1974
  • B.A Social Studies (with Honours in Economics), University of Exeter, U.K, Devon, 1968-1971

EMPLOYMENT:

Senior Director /Deputy Senior Director: CRNM and CARICOM Secretariat

Consultant: Greenidge Associates.

The Director: Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), the Netherlands

Secretary General: ad interim, ACP Group of States

Deputy Secretary General: ACP Group of States, Belgium

Senior Minister of Finance: Government of Guyana

Minister of Finance, Planning and Trade: Guyana, South America

Economic Adviser to the Executive President, Guyana

Chief Planning Officer and Secretary to the State Planning Board, Guyana

Head (ai) of Department of Economics, University of Guyana, (UG)

          Coordinator of Graduate Programme (1975-1978);

               Coordinator, Caribbean Public Enterprises Project (1975-1979)

          Lecturer in Economics – on leave of absence (1979-1990)

Research Assistant and Tutor, Wye College, University of London (seconded to IDS, University of Nairobi, Kenya)

HIGH LEVEL INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT EXPERIENCE:

Mr. Carl B. Greenidge was an active member of Guyana’s teams to many Summits of CARICOM, Commonwealth Heads of Government and the Non-Aligned Group. He participated in these for a first as a technician and subsequently as a Minister. As Minister and as Secretary General, ad interim, of the ACP Group, Mr. Greenidge played a prominent role in the negotiation and monitoring of implementation of four ACP-EU development compacts and the evolution of their key instruments. The latter included Stabex and the Forestry Protocol of LomΓ© IV. As DSG he was responsible for the technical management of the Secretariat which interfaced with the EU Commission and serviced the ACP Group’s Ambassadorial and Ministerial bodies in the negotiation of the LomΓ© Conventions (and its successor Cotonou) and the monitoring of their implementation. He supervised the work of the four Departments of the Secretariat - Trade and Commodity Protocols, Development Finance Cooperation, Regional and Cultural Cooperation and, Administration and Finance.

During his tenure as Secretary General (ad interim) of the Group, the Group and EU successfully approached the GATT for the first time for the Waiver under which the LomΓ© Convention currently operates. He also supervised the ACP preparations and presentations at the two WTO Banana Dispute Panels. In the light of the performance of the Secretariat at the time, the Group authorized the convening of regular Summits of ACP Heads of State and Heads of Government. An initiative to establish, with UNCTAD and IBRD, a technical committee to devise appropriate risk management instruments for farmers involved in international agricultural trade, was agreed by Mr. Greenidge during his term.

Mr. Greenidge also headed the specialised LomΓ© institution, Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA). This joint EU-ACP institution is responsible for technical assistance and capacity-building to actors and institutions serving the ACP rural sector. It specialises in information communication technologies (ICTs) and ICT management, areas in which it has collaborated with the IBRD on the GDLN (ED-Rural). It publishes an extensive range of books and documents, initially on research findings in agriculture. Latterly, this coverage has been widened to include all aspects of agriculture and rural development and more particularly agricultural policy. Under Mr. Greenidge’s leadership the Centre was re-positioned to serve as a central hub in the ACP agricultural and rural knowledge network. Under the rubric, β€˜sharing knowledge - improving livelihoods’, the Centre helps ACP rural stakeholders to harness the ICT revolution. To this end, it embarked on several successful initiatives to marry traditional technologies with newer forms of communication. One example is β€˜Spore -n- More’, an initiative launched in association with β€˜World Space’ (satellite broadcaster) for digital distribution in audio or multimedia format. Another is the set of four web portals - β€˜AGRITRADE’, β€˜ICT Update’, Knowledge for Development’ and β€˜Agricta’. These initiatives covered international agricultural trade, ICT potential and its management for the rural sector, science and technology, as well as, electronic networking.  AGRITRADE, probably the most popular site among ACP actors, serves as a striking example of how the β€˜marriage’ can strengthen ACP negotiators’ and stakeholders’ capacity to network in pursuit of a common and complex goal. Furthermore, at the Doha and Hong Kong meetings, ACP negotiators were unique among developing country sub-groups in having access to dynamic ICT support that enabled them to be in touch both with stakeholders in their countries and the international Press during the Conferences.

He oversaw the inclusion of numerous gender related issues among the Centre’s themes and, facilitated the enhanced participation of women’s representatives in a range of international fora, including the 3rd World Conference on Women. Most importantly, the Centre itself, which had no female managers prior to the commencement of Mr. Greenidge’s tenure in 2000, boasted a management team half of which was female when he demitted office.

MINISTERIAL AND POLITICAL LEADERSHIP:

Mr. Greenidge has been Guyana’s longest serving Minister of Finance and the only person to have headed the ACP Group of States at both the political and technical levels. His success at this level has been partly due to an outstanding record in the field of international negotiations. During the course of LomΓ© IV he served as President of the ACP Council of Ministers and Co-President of the Joint ACP-EU Council of Ministers. In these capacities he presided over   the launch of the LomΓ© IV negotiations and was a member of the Presidential Troika which successfully concluded those negotiations. He served as Ministerial Negotiator on Trade and Commodity Protocols for the LomΓ© III negotiations, probably the most innovative and supportive of all the North South accords, and was twice elected ACP Ministerial Spokesman on Sugar. In 1985, Minister Greenidge, co-chaired with V.P. Singh of India, the United Nations Delhi Conference on the GSTP, forerunner of the Punte del Este Conference launching the Uruguay Round of GATT.

Mr. Greenidge was responsible for supervising the design, negotiation and implementation of Guyana’s Economic Recovery Programme (ERP) which successfully restored it to macro-economic balance and monetary stability. In the process he managed a series of initiatives which set the scene for the country’s early eligibility for HIPC relief. These initiatives included a successful resource mobilisation tour of North American, European and Asian capitals (with IBRD Staff to raise a bridging loan of over US$240mn to clear the country’s Bretton Woods arrears. He also led negotiations with the trade unions on public sector wage agreements. The Caribbean Council of Labour (CCL) and the GTUC subsequently acknowledged his contribution in the latter regard.

Minister Greenidge served as Guyana’s Governor for the World Bank Group, the IMF and other financial entities such as OPEC, CDB and IDB. He was a prominent Caribbean Minister and participated in many international debates on TV and elsewhere.

Furthermore, he has been directly involved in the voluntary/community sector in the UK, Guyana and Belgium for many years. Partly in consideration of such activities in the UK in his early years he received the Duke of Edinburgh’s Silver Award. He was associated with the establishment of the Miami-based charity, β€˜Food for the Poor’ in Guyana in 1988.

RESEARCH, TEACHING AND TECHNICAL EXPERTISE:

Mr. Greenidge has undertaken research on poverty, food and nutrition policy, agro-industry and, science and technology. He has done field work in the UK, Kenya, and the Caribbean. During his field work in Kenya he was co-opted to the Scandinavian Special Integrated Rural Development Project’s Steering Committee for the Eastern Province. He was also privileged to prepare background material for renown ILO Employment Mission led by the late Prof Hans Singer of the IDS, Sussex University. At Wye College he contributed to the pioneering research work of the College on peasant farm decision-making problems. At Wye and UG he lectured on a range on undergraduate and post-graduate courses and supervised post-graduate theses. He has lectured on a course on evidence-based policy at the Graduate School, University of Maastricht and been a Resource Person for the Commonwealth Partnership for Technology Management (CPTM). He has also been a sometime Research Fellow at the University of the West Indies (UWI) and a Referee for the journal, Social and Economic Studies (SES). He also served as UWI External Examiner in Agricultural Economics and has been invited to serve as Senior Visiting Research Fellow at African Centre for Investment Analysis (ACIA), Stellenbosch University, South Africa.

Mr. Greenidge has been a member of the Board of the Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI).

He has also served on many Boards and bodies in Europe, including:

  • EU and ACP Informal Expert Group on Science and Technology (Chaired the ACP side)
  • Vice Chairman and founding member of the European Forum on International Cooperation (EUFORIC) and
  • Vice-Chairman of the European Centre for Development Policy Management (ECDPM
  • University of Oxford
  • Regulatory Policy Research Institute (RPRI) and
  • Regulatory Policy Centre (RPC)

He has contributed to international fora deliberating on key international issues undertaken a number of engagements and consultancies for private firms, the UN, UNECA, UNDP, CARICOM and the Commonwealth Secretariat over the years.

MEMBERSHIP OF PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES:

  • Agricultural Economics Society (UK)
  • European Association of Development Research (and Training) Institutes (EADI)
  • American Economics Association 
  • International Institute of Public Finance
  • Caribbean Agricultural Economics Society - Co-opted Member of Executive Board and Editorial Committee (former member) 

BIOGRAPHICAL LISTINGS:

  • International Yearbook and Statesmen's Who's Who 1991+
  • Who's Who in International Affairs 1991+
  • Who's Who in Europe 1995+
  • Who's Who in Finance and Industry 1995/6+
  • Who’s Who in the World 1995+
  • Who’s Who in International Organizations 1995+ 
Django
ksazma posted:

An ERP made necessary because Greenidge as Finance Minister bankrupted Guyana. An ERP made necessary by the IMF demanded it. One does not get credit for burying the person they murdered.

Guyana under Carl Greenidge was classed as the second poorest country in the western hemisphere and was ranked below Haiti because of its financial crisis, and it was Mr. Greenidge himself who declared that Guyana was bankrupt.

Children was forced to leave school to gain employment and supplement their parents income. 

FM
Dave posted:
ksazma posted:

An ERP made necessary because Greenidge as Finance Minister bankrupted Guyana. An ERP made necessary by the IMF demanded it. One does not get credit for burying the person they murdered.

Guyana under Carl Greenidge was classed as the second poorest country in the western hemisphere and was ranked below Haiti because of its financial crisis, and it was Mr. Greenidge himself who declared that Guyana was bankrupt.

Children was forced to leave school to gain employment and supplement their parents income. 

And you notice that while his CV points to his involvement in the ERP, it did not mention that he was the same Finance Minister who bankrupted the country. Secondly, his involvement in the ERP was not because he had some expertise in that area but rather because he was the Finance Minister albeit a miserably failed one.

FM
Bibi Haniffa posted:
ksazma posted:
Prashad posted:

People should not be forced to give up their dual citizenship. 

People still need to follow the current constitution. If they think it needs revision, they should work towards doing so. Dual citizenship is currently a no no for MPs in Guyana. That said, I don’t think Greenidge officially renounced his British citizenship. These fools have never been honest or decent so it is reasonable to suggest that they aren’t now.

Why would anyone over 70 years old give up citizenship to a country that has quality National Healthcare and a generous old age pension to hang around in Guyana?

There is speculation that he will take over from Granger. 

He is one of half a dozen VP in granger Government. 

FM
Dave posted:
Bibi Haniffa posted:
ksazma posted:
Prashad posted:

People should not be forced to give up their dual citizenship. 

People still need to follow the current constitution. If they think it needs revision, they should work towards doing so. Dual citizenship is currently a no no for MPs in Guyana. That said, I don’t think Greenidge officially renounced his British citizenship. These fools have never been honest or decent so it is reasonable to suggest that they aren’t now.

Why would anyone over 70 years old give up citizenship to a country that has quality National Healthcare and a generous old age pension to hang around in Guyana?

There is speculation that he will take over from Granger. 

He is one of half a dozen VP in granger Government. 

Why. He is no farther away from the grave than Granger is.

FM
Dave posted:
Bibi Haniffa posted:
ksazma posted:
Prashad posted:

People should not be forced to give up their dual citizenship. 

People still need to follow the current constitution. If they think it needs revision, they should work towards doing so. Dual citizenship is currently a no no for MPs in Guyana. That said, I don’t think Greenidge officially renounced his British citizenship. These fools have never been honest or decent so it is reasonable to suggest that they aren’t now.

Why would anyone over 70 years old give up citizenship to a country that has quality National Healthcare and a generous old age pension to hang around in Guyana?

There is speculation that he will take over from Granger. 

He is one of half a dozen VP in granger Government. 

He ain't giving anything up. He knows that he cannot live comfortably in England on the couple pounds he will be receiving. He needs to show proof that he is no longer a dual citizen. These negroes speak with forked tongues.

FM
Dave posted:
Django posted:

Bashing people are the norm for some folks , no problem when one wants to denigrate people, get the facts before pissing in the wind.

Greenidge was your finance minister who run the country bankrupt and cause you to seek greener pasture.. rite . 

Get the facts correct ,the year migrated and reasons was stated on GNI. What year Greenidge became finance minister ?

Django
Last edited by Django
Django posted:
Dave posted:
Django posted:

Bashing people are the norm for some folks , no problem when one wants to denigrate people, get the facts before pissing in the wind.

Greenidge was your finance minister who run the country bankrupt and cause you to seek greener pasture.. rite . 

Get the facts correct ,the year migrated and reasons was stated on GNI. What year Greenidge became finance minister ?

Bai, ah tellin you. I wasn't in Guyana thru dem years. But me hear thru de grapevine da tthe man made Guyana a beggar. Was he planning to ask Haiti for help? From bread basket to beggar...who would ah thunk!

FM
skeldon_man posted:
Django posted:
Dave posted:
Django posted:

Bashing people are the norm for some folks , no problem when one wants to denigrate people, get the facts before pissing in the wind.

Greenidge was your finance minister who run the country bankrupt and cause you to seek greener pasture.. rite . 

Get the facts correct ,the year migrated and reasons was stated on GNI. What year Greenidge became finance minister ?

Bai, ah tellin you. I wasn't in Guyana thru dem years. But me hear thru de grapevine da tthe man made Guyana a beggar. Was he planning to ask Haiti for help? From bread basket to beggar...who would ah thunk!

You can be excused , the facts are Greenidge didn't bankrupt Guyana , he became Finance Minister when the country was defaulting in their payments during the 1980 crisis. The dunces from Freedom House peddles the lies and the followers run with it.

Some of the PPP-ites can't show their qualifications or the schools attended. The fearless leader trained in Russia , no one knows if he graduated , appends Honorary Doctorates to his name to boost his qualification.

Django
ksazma posted:

Greenidge was Finance Minister between 1983 and 1992, the most dismal economical years in Guyana's history.

Incorrect !!! after Burham demise in 1985. Hoyte change the course of Guyana Economy , to free trade ,which continued after 1992. the program was set for the ERP for a period of years. All Nationalized Industries was to sold , the PPP didn't follow thru they hold on to GUYSICKO.

Django
Last edited by Django
Django posted:
ksazma posted:

Greenidge was Finance Minister between 1983 and 1992, the most dismal economical years in Guyana's history.

Incorrect !!! after Burham demise in 1985. Hoyte change the course of Guyana Economy , which continued after 1992.

Two questions;

1.  Was or was not Greenidge the Minister of Finance between 1983 and 1992?

2.  Was or was not Guyana in its worst economic condition between 1983 and 1992?

FM
ksazma posted:
Django posted:
ksazma posted:

Greenidge was Finance Minister between 1983 and 1992, the most dismal economical years in Guyana's history.

Incorrect !!! after Burham demise in 1985. Hoyte change the course of Guyana Economy , which continued after 1992.

Two questions;

1.  Was or was not Greenidge the Minister of Finance between 1983 and 1992?

2.  Was or was not Guyana in its worst economic condition between 1983 and 1992?

How the heck it's the worse when the ERP was implemented and was on a path to recovery, which did materialize. Read up on the PNC tenure of office the period of good  and the bad instead of lumping all together. The same goes for the PPP there was good and bad periods.

Django
Django posted:
ksazma posted:
Django posted:
ksazma posted:

Greenidge was Finance Minister between 1983 and 1992, the most dismal economical years in Guyana's history.

Incorrect !!! after Burham demise in 1985. Hoyte change the course of Guyana Economy , which continued after 1992.

Two questions;

1.  Was or was not Greenidge the Minister of Finance between 1983 and 1992?

2.  Was or was not Guyana in its worst economic condition between 1983 and 1992?

How the heck it's the worse when the ERP was implemented and was on a path to recovery, which did materialize. Read up on the PNC tenure of office the period of good  and the bad instead of lumping all together. The same goes for the PPP there was good and bad periods.

My friend, your response did not answer either of my questions above.

But coming to the ERP. That was not Hoyte's or Greenidge's brainchild. That was imposed on Guyana by the IMP in 1989 when the IMP imposed a steep penalty on Guyana by devaluing it's currency some 2000% from $4.30 per 1USD to about $89. per 1USD. At the same time they imposed the ERP on Guyana. 

Even America has good and bad periods but 1983 and 1992 is the worst economic period in Guyana's history.

FM
Django posted:

CARL BARRINGTON GREENIDGE - CURRICULUM VITAE

https://www.facebook.com/notes...tae/337372199677319/

http://parliament.gov.gy/new2/...arian/carl-greenidge

Mr. Carl Barrington Greenidge is a former Minister of Finance, Planning and Trade of Guyana. He has extensive experience at the policy, management and technical levels and has worked on public sector economics and agricultural policy as well as international trade and finance. He has provided distinguished service to his country, the Caribbean and the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Group of States. That service has been in the design and management of Guyana’s Economic Recovery Programme (1988-1992) and the negotiation of the unique north-south cooperation compact, the LomΓ© Convention, inter alia. This latter pact aimed to alleviate the burden of poverty in the ACP regions which include the most trade dependent countries in the world and countries for which agriculture is dominant. He has successfully headed two joint ACP-EU funded institutions devoted to development cooperation and has, in the process, sat on both β€˜sides’ of the Donor-Recipient interface. Mr. Greenidge has also published four monographs, numerous academic articles on economics and contributed to books on a variety of issues, including the political economy of agricultural modernisation, international agricultural trade negotiations and marine fisheries. He has been Co-President of the Joint Council of Ministers of the European Union and the ACP States.

NATIONALITY:           Guyanese

GENDER:          Male

DEGREES/EDUCATION:

  • Birkbeck College and the London School of Economics (LSE), University of London, U.K, 1982-1983. Subject. small states, economic planning and trade 
  • M.Phil. Econs. (Ag. Econs.), Imperial College at Wye, University of London, U.K,  1972-1974
  • B.A Social Studies (with Honours in Economics), University of Exeter, U.K, Devon, 1968-1971

EMPLOYMENT:

Senior Director /Deputy Senior Director: CRNM and CARICOM Secretariat

Consultant: Greenidge Associates.

The Director: Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), the Netherlands

Secretary General: ad interim, ACP Group of States

Deputy Secretary General: ACP Group of States, Belgium

Senior Minister of Finance: Government of Guyana

Minister of Finance, Planning and Trade: Guyana, South America

Economic Adviser to the Executive President, Guyana

Chief Planning Officer and Secretary to the State Planning Board, Guyana

Head (ai) of Department of Economics, University of Guyana, (UG)

          Coordinator of Graduate Programme (1975-1978);

               Coordinator, Caribbean Public Enterprises Project (1975-1979)

          Lecturer in Economics – on leave of absence (1979-1990)

Research Assistant and Tutor, Wye College, University of London (seconded to IDS, University of Nairobi, Kenya)

HIGH LEVEL INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT EXPERIENCE:

Mr. Carl B. Greenidge was an active member of Guyana’s teams to many Summits of CARICOM, Commonwealth Heads of Government and the Non-Aligned Group. He participated in these for a first as a technician and subsequently as a Minister. As Minister and as Secretary General, ad interim, of the ACP Group, Mr. Greenidge played a prominent role in the negotiation and monitoring of implementation of four ACP-EU development compacts and the evolution of their key instruments. The latter included Stabex and the Forestry Protocol of LomΓ© IV. As DSG he was responsible for the technical management of the Secretariat which interfaced with the EU Commission and serviced the ACP Group’s Ambassadorial and Ministerial bodies in the negotiation of the LomΓ© Conventions (and its successor Cotonou) and the monitoring of their implementation. He supervised the work of the four Departments of the Secretariat - Trade and Commodity Protocols, Development Finance Cooperation, Regional and Cultural Cooperation and, Administration and Finance.

During his tenure as Secretary General (ad interim) of the Group, the Group and EU successfully approached the GATT for the first time for the Waiver under which the LomΓ© Convention currently operates. He also supervised the ACP preparations and presentations at the two WTO Banana Dispute Panels. In the light of the performance of the Secretariat at the time, the Group authorized the convening of regular Summits of ACP Heads of State and Heads of Government. An initiative to establish, with UNCTAD and IBRD, a technical committee to devise appropriate risk management instruments for farmers involved in international agricultural trade, was agreed by Mr. Greenidge during his term.

Mr. Greenidge also headed the specialised LomΓ© institution, Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA). This joint EU-ACP institution is responsible for technical assistance and capacity-building to actors and institutions serving the ACP rural sector. It specialises in information communication technologies (ICTs) and ICT management, areas in which it has collaborated with the IBRD on the GDLN (ED-Rural). It publishes an extensive range of books and documents, initially on research findings in agriculture. Latterly, this coverage has been widened to include all aspects of agriculture and rural development and more particularly agricultural policy. Under Mr. Greenidge’s leadership the Centre was re-positioned to serve as a central hub in the ACP agricultural and rural knowledge network. Under the rubric, β€˜sharing knowledge - improving livelihoods’, the Centre helps ACP rural stakeholders to harness the ICT revolution. To this end, it embarked on several successful initiatives to marry traditional technologies with newer forms of communication. One example is β€˜Spore -n- More’, an initiative launched in association with β€˜World Space’ (satellite broadcaster) for digital distribution in audio or multimedia format. Another is the set of four web portals - β€˜AGRITRADE’, β€˜ICT Update’, Knowledge for Development’ and β€˜Agricta’. These initiatives covered international agricultural trade, ICT potential and its management for the rural sector, science and technology, as well as, electronic networking.  AGRITRADE, probably the most popular site among ACP actors, serves as a striking example of how the β€˜marriage’ can strengthen ACP negotiators’ and stakeholders’ capacity to network in pursuit of a common and complex goal. Furthermore, at the Doha and Hong Kong meetings, ACP negotiators were unique among developing country sub-groups in having access to dynamic ICT support that enabled them to be in touch both with stakeholders in their countries and the international Press during the Conferences.

He oversaw the inclusion of numerous gender related issues among the Centre’s themes and, facilitated the enhanced participation of women’s representatives in a range of international fora, including the 3rd World Conference on Women. Most importantly, the Centre itself, which had no female managers prior to the commencement of Mr. Greenidge’s tenure in 2000, boasted a management team half of which was female when he demitted office.

MINISTERIAL AND POLITICAL LEADERSHIP:

Mr. Greenidge has been Guyana’s longest serving Minister of Finance and the only person to have headed the ACP Group of States at both the political and technical levels. His success at this level has been partly due to an outstanding record in the field of international negotiations. During the course of LomΓ© IV he served as President of the ACP Council of Ministers and Co-President of the Joint ACP-EU Council of Ministers. In these capacities he presided over   the launch of the LomΓ© IV negotiations and was a member of the Presidential Troika which successfully concluded those negotiations. He served as Ministerial Negotiator on Trade and Commodity Protocols for the LomΓ© III negotiations, probably the most innovative and supportive of all the North South accords, and was twice elected ACP Ministerial Spokesman on Sugar. In 1985, Minister Greenidge, co-chaired with V.P. Singh of India, the United Nations Delhi Conference on the GSTP, forerunner of the Punte del Este Conference launching the Uruguay Round of GATT.

Mr. Greenidge was responsible for supervising the design, negotiation and implementation of Guyana’s Economic Recovery Programme (ERP) which successfully restored it to macro-economic balance and monetary stability. In the process he managed a series of initiatives which set the scene for the country’s early eligibility for HIPC relief. These initiatives included a successful resource mobilisation tour of North American, European and Asian capitals (with IBRD Staff to raise a bridging loan of over US$240mn to clear the country’s Bretton Woods arrears. He also led negotiations with the trade unions on public sector wage agreements. The Caribbean Council of Labour (CCL) and the GTUC subsequently acknowledged his contribution in the latter regard.

Minister Greenidge served as Guyana’s Governor for the World Bank Group, the IMF and other financial entities such as OPEC, CDB and IDB. He was a prominent Caribbean Minister and participated in many international debates on TV and elsewhere.

Furthermore, he has been directly involved in the voluntary/community sector in the UK, Guyana and Belgium for many years. Partly in consideration of such activities in the UK in his early years he received the Duke of Edinburgh’s Silver Award. He was associated with the establishment of the Miami-based charity, β€˜Food for the Poor’ in Guyana in 1988.

RESEARCH, TEACHING AND TECHNICAL EXPERTISE:

Mr. Greenidge has undertaken research on poverty, food and nutrition policy, agro-industry and, science and technology. He has done field work in the UK, Kenya, and the Caribbean. During his field work in Kenya he was co-opted to the Scandinavian Special Integrated Rural Development Project’s Steering Committee for the Eastern Province. He was also privileged to prepare background material for renown ILO Employment Mission led by the late Prof Hans Singer of the IDS, Sussex University. At Wye College he contributed to the pioneering research work of the College on peasant farm decision-making problems. At Wye and UG he lectured on a range on undergraduate and post-graduate courses and supervised post-graduate theses. He has lectured on a course on evidence-based policy at the Graduate School, University of Maastricht and been a Resource Person for the Commonwealth Partnership for Technology Management (CPTM). He has also been a sometime Research Fellow at the University of the West Indies (UWI) and a Referee for the journal, Social and Economic Studies (SES). He also served as UWI External Examiner in Agricultural Economics and has been invited to serve as Senior Visiting Research Fellow at African Centre for Investment Analysis (ACIA), Stellenbosch University, South Africa.

Mr. Greenidge has been a member of the Board of the Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI).

He has also served on many Boards and bodies in Europe, including:

  • EU and ACP Informal Expert Group on Science and Technology (Chaired the ACP side)
  • Vice Chairman and founding member of the European Forum on International Cooperation (EUFORIC) and
  • Vice-Chairman of the European Centre for Development Policy Management (ECDPM
  • University of Oxford
  • Regulatory Policy Research Institute (RPRI) and
  • Regulatory Policy Centre (RPC)

He has contributed to international fora deliberating on key international issues undertaken a number of engagements and consultancies for private firms, the UN, UNECA, UNDP, CARICOM and the Commonwealth Secretariat over the years.

MEMBERSHIP OF PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES:

  • Agricultural Economics Society (UK)
  • European Association of Development Research (and Training) Institutes (EADI)
  • American Economics Association 
  • International Institute of Public Finance
  • Caribbean Agricultural Economics Society - Co-opted Member of Executive Board and Editorial Committee (former member) 

BIOGRAPHICAL LISTINGS:

  • International Yearbook and Statesmen's Who's Who 1991+
  • Who's Who in International Affairs 1991+
  • Who's Who in Europe 1995+
  • Who's Who in Finance and Industry 1995/6+
  • Who’s Who in the World 1995+
  • Who’s Who in International Organizations 1995+ 

This Greenidge got a longer resume than Odeen. I was thinking Odeen's resume was the longest one I ever read.

Prashad
Last edited by Prashad
Django posted:

Bashing people are the norm for some folks , no problem when one wants to denigrate people, get the facts before pissing in the wind.

Django posted:

Lots of dunce goats on GNI rewriting Guyana history.

@Django   

 

My friend, your response did not answer either of my questions above.

But coming to the ERP. That was not Hoyte's or Greenidge's brainchild. That was imposed on Guyana by the IMP in 1989 when the IMP imposed a steep penalty on Guyana by devaluing it's currency some 2000% from $4.30 per 1USD to about $89. per 1USD. At the same time they imposed the ERP on Guyana. 

Even America has good and bad periods but 1983 and 1992 is the worst economic period in Guyana's history.

FM
ksazma posted:
Django posted:
ksazma posted:
Django posted:
ksazma posted:

Greenidge was Finance Minister between 1983 and 1992, the most dismal economical years in Guyana's history.

Incorrect !!! after Burham demise in 1985. Hoyte change the course of Guyana Economy , which continued after 1992.

Two questions;

1.  Was or was not Greenidge the Minister of Finance between 1983 and 1992?

2.  Was or was not Guyana in its worst economic condition between 1983 and 1992?

How the heck it's the worse when the ERP was implemented and was on a path to recovery, which did materialize. Read up on the PNC tenure of office the period of good  and the bad instead of lumping all together. The same goes for the PPP there was good and bad periods.

My friend, your response did not answer either of my questions above.

But coming to the ERP. That was not Hoyte's or Greenidge's brainchild. That was imposed on Guyana by the IMP in 1989 when the IMP imposed a steep penalty on https://www.google.com/url?sa=...eXeWBU9oXqlnsLGuyana by devaluing it's currency some 2000% from $4.30 per 1USD to about $89. per 1USD. At the same time they imposed the ERP on Guyana. 

Even America has good and bad periods but 1983 and 1992 is the worst economic period in Guyana's history.

Link above is a brief summary of the ERP . The original document have more details.

Django
Last edited by Django
Django posted:
ksazma posted:
Django posted:
ksazma posted:

Greenidge was Finance Minister between 1983 and 1992, the most dismal economical years in Guyana's history.

Incorrect !!! after Burham demise in 1985. Hoyte change the course of Guyana Economy , which continued after 1992.

Two questions;

1.  Was or was not Greenidge the Minister of Finance between 1983 and 1992?

2.  Was or was not Guyana in its worst economic condition between 1983 and 1992?

How the heck it's the worse when the ERP was implemented and was on a path to recovery, which did materialize. Read up on the PNC tenure of office the period of good  and the bad instead of lumping all together. The same goes for the PPP there was good and bad periods.

It went bankrupt while he was at the helm. 

Baseman
Django posted:
ksazma posted:

Greenidge was Finance Minister between 1983 and 1992, the most dismal economical years in Guyana's history.

Incorrect !!! after Burham demise in 1985. Hoyte change the course of Guyana Economy , to free trade ,which continued after 1992. the program was set for the ERP for a period of years. All Nationalized Industries was to sold , the PPP didn't follow thru they hold on to GUYSICKO.

Don’t matter.  Was all PNC handy work!

Guysuco was a net post to the economy.  

Baseman
Prashad posted:
Django posted:

CARL BARRINGTON GREENIDGE - CURRICULUM VITAE

https://www.facebook.com/notes...tae/337372199677319/

http://parliament.gov.gy/new2/...arian/carl-greenidge

Mr. Carl Barrington Greenidge is a former Minister of Finance, Planning and Trade of Guyana. He has extensive experience at the policy, management and technical levels and has worked on public sector economics and agricultural policy as well as international trade and finance. He has provided distinguished service to his country, the Caribbean and the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Group of States. That service has been in the design and management of Guyana’s Economic Recovery Programme (1988-1992) and the negotiation of the unique north-south cooperation compact, the LomΓ© Convention, inter alia. This latter pact aimed to alleviate the burden of poverty in the ACP regions which include the most trade dependent countries in the world and countries for which agriculture is dominant. He has successfully headed two joint ACP-EU funded institutions devoted to development cooperation and has, in the process, sat on both β€˜sides’ of the Donor-Recipient interface. Mr. Greenidge has also published four monographs, numerous academic articles on economics and contributed to books on a variety of issues, including the political economy of agricultural modernisation, international agricultural trade negotiations and marine fisheries. He has been Co-President of the Joint Council of Ministers of the European Union and the ACP States.

NATIONALITY:           Guyanese

GENDER:          Male

DEGREES/EDUCATION:

  • Birkbeck College and the London School of Economics (LSE), University of London, U.K, 1982-1983. Subject. small states, economic planning and trade 
  • M.Phil. Econs. (Ag. Econs.), Imperial College at Wye, University of London, U.K,  1972-1974
  • B.A Social Studies (with Honours in Economics), University of Exeter, U.K, Devon, 1968-1971

EMPLOYMENT:

Senior Director /Deputy Senior Director: CRNM and CARICOM Secretariat

Consultant: Greenidge Associates.

The Director: Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), the Netherlands

Secretary General: ad interim, ACP Group of States

Deputy Secretary General: ACP Group of States, Belgium

Senior Minister of Finance: Government of Guyana

Minister of Finance, Planning and Trade: Guyana, South America

Economic Adviser to the Executive President, Guyana

Chief Planning Officer and Secretary to the State Planning Board, Guyana

Head (ai) of Department of Economics, University of Guyana, (UG)

          Coordinator of Graduate Programme (1975-1978);

               Coordinator, Caribbean Public Enterprises Project (1975-1979)

          Lecturer in Economics – on leave of absence (1979-1990)

Research Assistant and Tutor, Wye College, University of London (seconded to IDS, University of Nairobi, Kenya)

HIGH LEVEL INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT EXPERIENCE:

Mr. Carl B. Greenidge was an active member of Guyana’s teams to many Summits of CARICOM, Commonwealth Heads of Government and the Non-Aligned Group. He participated in these for a first as a technician and subsequently as a Minister. As Minister and as Secretary General, ad interim, of the ACP Group, Mr. Greenidge played a prominent role in the negotiation and monitoring of implementation of four ACP-EU development compacts and the evolution of their key instruments. The latter included Stabex and the Forestry Protocol of LomΓ© IV. As DSG he was responsible for the technical management of the Secretariat which interfaced with the EU Commission and serviced the ACP Group’s Ambassadorial and Ministerial bodies in the negotiation of the LomΓ© Conventions (and its successor Cotonou) and the monitoring of their implementation. He supervised the work of the four Departments of the Secretariat - Trade and Commodity Protocols, Development Finance Cooperation, Regional and Cultural Cooperation and, Administration and Finance.

During his tenure as Secretary General (ad interim) of the Group, the Group and EU successfully approached the GATT for the first time for the Waiver under which the LomΓ© Convention currently operates. He also supervised the ACP preparations and presentations at the two WTO Banana Dispute Panels. In the light of the performance of the Secretariat at the time, the Group authorized the convening of regular Summits of ACP Heads of State and Heads of Government. An initiative to establish, with UNCTAD and IBRD, a technical committee to devise appropriate risk management instruments for farmers involved in international agricultural trade, was agreed by Mr. Greenidge during his term.

Mr. Greenidge also headed the specialised LomΓ© institution, Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA). This joint EU-ACP institution is responsible for technical assistance and capacity-building to actors and institutions serving the ACP rural sector. It specialises in information communication technologies (ICTs) and ICT management, areas in which it has collaborated with the IBRD on the GDLN (ED-Rural). It publishes an extensive range of books and documents, initially on research findings in agriculture. Latterly, this coverage has been widened to include all aspects of agriculture and rural development and more particularly agricultural policy. Under Mr. Greenidge’s leadership the Centre was re-positioned to serve as a central hub in the ACP agricultural and rural knowledge network. Under the rubric, β€˜sharing knowledge - improving livelihoods’, the Centre helps ACP rural stakeholders to harness the ICT revolution. To this end, it embarked on several successful initiatives to marry traditional technologies with newer forms of communication. One example is β€˜Spore -n- More’, an initiative launched in association with β€˜World Space’ (satellite broadcaster) for digital distribution in audio or multimedia format. Another is the set of four web portals - β€˜AGRITRADE’, β€˜ICT Update’, Knowledge for Development’ and β€˜Agricta’. These initiatives covered international agricultural trade, ICT potential and its management for the rural sector, science and technology, as well as, electronic networking.  AGRITRADE, probably the most popular site among ACP actors, serves as a striking example of how the β€˜marriage’ can strengthen ACP negotiators’ and stakeholders’ capacity to network in pursuit of a common and complex goal. Furthermore, at the Doha and Hong Kong meetings, ACP negotiators were unique among developing country sub-groups in having access to dynamic ICT support that enabled them to be in touch both with stakeholders in their countries and the international Press during the Conferences.

He oversaw the inclusion of numerous gender related issues among the Centre’s themes and, facilitated the enhanced participation of women’s representatives in a range of international fora, including the 3rd World Conference on Women. Most importantly, the Centre itself, which had no female managers prior to the commencement of Mr. Greenidge’s tenure in 2000, boasted a management team half of which was female when he demitted office.

MINISTERIAL AND POLITICAL LEADERSHIP:

Mr. Greenidge has been Guyana’s longest serving Minister of Finance and the only person to have headed the ACP Group of States at both the political and technical levels. His success at this level has been partly due to an outstanding record in the field of international negotiations. During the course of LomΓ© IV he served as President of the ACP Council of Ministers and Co-President of the Joint ACP-EU Council of Ministers. In these capacities he presided over   the launch of the LomΓ© IV negotiations and was a member of the Presidential Troika which successfully concluded those negotiations. He served as Ministerial Negotiator on Trade and Commodity Protocols for the LomΓ© III negotiations, probably the most innovative and supportive of all the North South accords, and was twice elected ACP Ministerial Spokesman on Sugar. In 1985, Minister Greenidge, co-chaired with V.P. Singh of India, the United Nations Delhi Conference on the GSTP, forerunner of the Punte del Este Conference launching the Uruguay Round of GATT.

Mr. Greenidge was responsible for supervising the design, negotiation and implementation of Guyana’s Economic Recovery Programme (ERP) which successfully restored it to macro-economic balance and monetary stability. In the process he managed a series of initiatives which set the scene for the country’s early eligibility for HIPC relief. These initiatives included a successful resource mobilisation tour of North American, European and Asian capitals (with IBRD Staff to raise a bridging loan of over US$240mn to clear the country’s Bretton Woods arrears. He also led negotiations with the trade unions on public sector wage agreements. The Caribbean Council of Labour (CCL) and the GTUC subsequently acknowledged his contribution in the latter regard.

Minister Greenidge served as Guyana’s Governor for the World Bank Group, the IMF and other financial entities such as OPEC, CDB and IDB. He was a prominent Caribbean Minister and participated in many international debates on TV and elsewhere.

Furthermore, he has been directly involved in the voluntary/community sector in the UK, Guyana and Belgium for many years. Partly in consideration of such activities in the UK in his early years he received the Duke of Edinburgh’s Silver Award. He was associated with the establishment of the Miami-based charity, β€˜Food for the Poor’ in Guyana in 1988.

RESEARCH, TEACHING AND TECHNICAL EXPERTISE:

Mr. Greenidge has undertaken research on poverty, food and nutrition policy, agro-industry and, science and technology. He has done field work in the UK, Kenya, and the Caribbean. During his field work in Kenya he was co-opted to the Scandinavian Special Integrated Rural Development Project’s Steering Committee for the Eastern Province. He was also privileged to prepare background material for renown ILO Employment Mission led by the late Prof Hans Singer of the IDS, Sussex University. At Wye College he contributed to the pioneering research work of the College on peasant farm decision-making problems. At Wye and UG he lectured on a range on undergraduate and post-graduate courses and supervised post-graduate theses. He has lectured on a course on evidence-based policy at the Graduate School, University of Maastricht and been a Resource Person for the Commonwealth Partnership for Technology Management (CPTM). He has also been a sometime Research Fellow at the University of the West Indies (UWI) and a Referee for the journal, Social and Economic Studies (SES). He also served as UWI External Examiner in Agricultural Economics and has been invited to serve as Senior Visiting Research Fellow at African Centre for Investment Analysis (ACIA), Stellenbosch University, South Africa.

Mr. Greenidge has been a member of the Board of the Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI).

He has also served on many Boards and bodies in Europe, including:

  • EU and ACP Informal Expert Group on Science and Technology (Chaired the ACP side)
  • Vice Chairman and founding member of the European Forum on International Cooperation (EUFORIC) and
  • Vice-Chairman of the European Centre for Development Policy Management (ECDPM
  • University of Oxford
  • Regulatory Policy Research Institute (RPRI) and
  • Regulatory Policy Centre (RPC)

He has contributed to international fora deliberating on key international issues undertaken a number of engagements and consultancies for private firms, the UN, UNECA, UNDP, CARICOM and the Commonwealth Secretariat over the years.

MEMBERSHIP OF PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES:

  • Agricultural Economics Society (UK)
  • European Association of Development Research (and Training) Institutes (EADI)
  • American Economics Association 
  • International Institute of Public Finance
  • Caribbean Agricultural Economics Society - Co-opted Member of Executive Board and Editorial Committee (former member) 

BIOGRAPHICAL LISTINGS:

  • International Yearbook and Statesmen's Who's Who 1991+
  • Who's Who in International Affairs 1991+
  • Who's Who in Europe 1995+
  • Who's Who in Finance and Industry 1995/6+
  • Who’s Who in the World 1995+
  • Who’s Who in International Organizations 1995+ 

This Greenidge got a longer resume than Odeen. I was thinking Odeen's resume was the longest one I ever read.

Do you know how long your resume has to be for you to bankrupt the same country twice?  In two different eras?  This achievement should put him in the Guinness Book of records and make the resume even longer.

Bibi Haniffa

Confronted with these stark economic realities, Hoyte was forced to depart from Burnham's economic policy because he realised that "cooperative socialism" had failed. At the same time, the country was burdened with a stifling foreign debt and a large payment of arrears which the PNC regime had accumulated. The arrears by 1988 were more than US$885 million (about four times the Guyana's annual exports), and Hoyte feared that all credit to the country would be completely cut off by international donors. In this situation, he was propelled to carry out negotiations in 1988 with the IMF which quickly arranged with the World Bank an Economic Recovery Programme (ERP) aimed at re-introducing a pro-capitalist market economy in place of the failed "cooperative socialist" programme of the past eighteen years.

FM

Add Reply

×
×
×
×
×
Link copied to your clipboard.
×
×